Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescent Higher Secondary Students of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal

Ashish Bhatt; Hitin Sehgal; Elisa Devkota; Arthak Lamsal; Kumud Karki

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14

| Peer-Reviewed

Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescent Higher Secondary Students of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal

Ashish Bhatt, Hitin Sehgal, Elisa Devkota, Arthak Lamsal, Kumud Karki

Published in Social Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 4)

Received: 22 June 2023 Accepted: 17 July 2023 Published: 26 July 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Cigarette smoking among youth and young adolescents remains high, particularly in high schools and colleges. Smoking and smokeless tobacco usage at such a young age can be detrimental, resulting in lower academic performance and an increased chance of developing dreadful diseases and other fatal conditions. However, the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its associated characteristics among high school students in the country have not been studied precisely. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of smoking and the factors that influenced the behavior of students in the Tokha municipality of Kathmandu district, which is the most populous district in Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a standard, pre-tested questionnaire among the target population. The data was then entered and analyzed through SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used for data summarization. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Bivariate and then multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the magnitude of associations between dependent and independent variables. The prevalence was found to be among two-fifths of the respondents (20.6%). About 53% of them were 16 years of age or younger; 48.4% of them smoked because of peer pressure; and apparently 63.6% of students smoked with their friends only. Factors like gender, monthly expenditures, friend smoking status, increased price of cigarettes, and exposure to the anti-smoking campaign were statistically associated with the prevalence of cigarette smoking. The study revealed concerning prevalence rate of smoking. necessary plans, programs, and local policies should be made to address this issue.

Published in	Social Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14
Page(s)	171-177
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Prevalence, Smoking, Factors, High-School, Adolescent, Students, Association

References

[1]	Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2003: Volume I - Secondary School Students.
[2]	Kessler DA, Witt AM, Barnett PS, et al. The Food and Drug Administration’s Regulation of Tobacco Products. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335 (13): 988-994. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199609263351321.
[3]	Bronnum-Hansen H, Juel K. Abstention from smoking extends life and compresses morbidity: a population based study of health expectancy among smokers and never smokers in Denmark. Tob Control. 2001; 10 (3): 273-278. doi: 10.1136/tc.10.3.273.
[4]	Louie D. The Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Cardiopulmonary Function and Exercise Tolerance in Teenagers. Can Respir J. 2001; 8 (4): 289-291. doi: 10.1155/2001/701384.
[5]	Dai X, Gakidou E, Lopez AD. Evolution of the global smoking epidemic over the past half century: strengthening the evidence base for policy action. Tob Control. 2022; 31 (2): 129-137. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056535.
[6]	WHO launches new report on global tobacco use trends. Accessed June 7, 2023. https://www.who.int/news/item/19-12-2019-who-launches-new-report-on-global-tobacco-use-trends
[7]	Tobacco Use Among High School Students -- United States, 1997. Accessed June 7, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051762.htm
[8]	Bauman KE, Fisher LA, Bryan ES, Chenoweth RL. Antecedents, subjective expected utility, and behavior: a panel study of adolescent cigarette smoking. Addict Behav. 1984; 9 (2): 121-136. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603 (84) 90050-9.
[9]	Huba GJ, Bentler PM. The role of peer and adult models for drug taking at different stages in adolescence. J Youth Adolesc. 1980; 9 (5): 449-465. doi: 10.1007/BF02087681.
[10]	Aloise-Young PA, Graham JW, Hansen WB. Peer influence on smoking initiation during early adolescence: A comparison of group members and group outsiders. J Appl Psychol. 1994; 79: 281-287. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.79.2.281.
[11]	Urberg KA, Değirmencioğlu SM, Pilgrim C. Close friend and group influence on adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use. Dev Psychol. 1997; 33: 834-844. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.33.5.834.
[12]	Murray DM, Hannan PJ. Planning for the appropriate analysis in school-based drug-use prevention studies. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1990; 58: 458-468. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.58.4.458.
[13]	School-based substance abuse prevention: a review of the state of the art in curriculum, 1980–1990 \| Health Education Research \| Oxford Academic. Accessed June 7, 2023. https://academic.oup.com/her/article-abstract/7/3/403/755960?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false
[14]	Rowe DC, Rodgers JL. Adolescent smoking and drinking: are they “epidemics”? J Stud Alcohol. 1991; 52 (2): 110-117. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1991.52.110.
[15]	Valente TW, Davis RL. Accelerating the Diffusion of Innovations Using Opinion Leaders. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci. 1999; 566 (1): 55-67. doi: 10.1177/000271629956600105.
[16]	Government of Nepal. Nepal Demographic Health Survey. Published online 2016: 67/68-630.
[17]	Ministry of Health and population,. FCTC 2030 strategy, Nepal. Published online 2018. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A_2AXwsecHfpgmGsdZCaIws0AEzpZNzc/view
[18]	Banti TK, Mengesha DS, Mamade GF. Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Factors Associated with it Among Undergraduate Students of Jigjiga University. Int J Psychol Brain Sci. 2017; 2 (3): 87. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20170203.13.
[19]	Kassa A. Prevalence and Determinants of Active and Passive Cigarette Smoking among undergraduate students at Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia. J Trop Dis. 2014; 02 (04). doi: 10.4172/2329-891X.1000145.
[20]	Ukwayi JK, Eja OF, Unwanede CC. Peer Pressure and Tobacco Smoking among Undergraduate Students of the University of Calabar, Cross River State. High Educ Stud. 2012; 2 (3): p92. doi: 10.5539/hes.v2n3p92.
[21]	Panahi R, Tavousi M, Ramezankhani A, et al. Smoking Prevalence and Its Related Factors Among Dormitory Students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2018; In Press (In Press). doi: 10.5812/zjrms.63037.
[22]	Haghdoost AA, Moosazadeh M. The prevalence of cigarette smoking among students of Iran’s universities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Res Med Sci Off J Isfahan Univ Med Sci. 2013; 18 (8): 717-725.
[23]	Mohammadpoorasl A, Nedjat S, Fakhari A, Yazdani K, Foroushani AR, Fotouhi A. Smoking Stages in an Iranian Adolescent Population. Acta Med Iran. Published online 2012: 746-754.
[24]	View of Cigarette Smoking Practices and Its Determinants Among University Students in Southwest, Nigeria \| Journal of Asian Scientific Research. Accessed June 22, 2023. https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5003/article/view/3326/5336.
[25]	Abbas Ali S, Al-Asadi J. SMOKING BEHAVIOR AND SMOKING DETERMINANTS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN BASRAH. Med J BASRAH Univ. 2010; 28: 85-94. doi: 10.33762/mjbu.2010.49470.
[26]	Kebede Y. Cigarette smoking and Khat chewing among college students in North West Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2002; 16 (1): 9-17. doi: 10.4314/ejhd.v16i1.9818.
[27]	Deressa W, Azazh A. Substance use and its predictors among undergraduate medical students of Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11 (1): 660. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-660.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ashish Bhatt, Hitin Sehgal, Elisa Devkota, Arthak Lamsal, Kumud Karki. (2023). Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescent Higher Secondary Students of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal. Social Sciences, 12(4), 171-177. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ashish Bhatt; Hitin Sehgal; Elisa Devkota; Arthak Lamsal; Kumud Karki. Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescent Higher Secondary Students of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal. Soc. Sci. 2023, 12(4), 171-177. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ashish Bhatt, Hitin Sehgal, Elisa Devkota, Arthak Lamsal, Kumud Karki. Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescent Higher Secondary Students of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal. Soc Sci. 2023;12(4):171-177. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14,
  author = {Ashish Bhatt and Hitin Sehgal and Elisa Devkota and Arthak Lamsal and Kumud Karki},
  title = {Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescent Higher Secondary Students of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {171-177},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ss.20231204.14},
  abstract = {Cigarette smoking among youth and young adolescents remains high, particularly in high schools and colleges. Smoking and smokeless tobacco usage at such a young age can be detrimental, resulting in lower academic performance and an increased chance of developing dreadful diseases and other fatal conditions. However, the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its associated characteristics among high school students in the country have not been studied precisely. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of smoking and the factors that influenced the behavior of students in the Tokha municipality of Kathmandu district, which is the most populous district in Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a standard, pre-tested questionnaire among the target population. The data was then entered and analyzed through SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used for data summarization. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Bivariate and then multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the magnitude of associations between dependent and independent variables. The prevalence was found to be among two-fifths of the respondents (20.6%). About 53% of them were 16 years of age or younger; 48.4% of them smoked because of peer pressure; and apparently 63.6% of students smoked with their friends only. Factors like gender, monthly expenditures, friend smoking status, increased price of cigarettes, and exposure to the anti-smoking campaign were statistically associated with the prevalence of cigarette smoking. The study revealed concerning prevalence rate of smoking. necessary plans, programs, and local policies should be made to address this issue.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescent Higher Secondary Students of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal
AU - Ashish Bhatt
AU - Hitin Sehgal
AU - Elisa Devkota
AU - Arthak Lamsal
AU - Kumud Karki
Y1 - 2023/07/26
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14
DO - 10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14
T2 - Social Sciences
JF - Social Sciences
JO - Social Sciences
SP - 171
EP - 177
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2326-988X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14
AB - Cigarette smoking among youth and young adolescents remains high, particularly in high schools and colleges. Smoking and smokeless tobacco usage at such a young age can be detrimental, resulting in lower academic performance and an increased chance of developing dreadful diseases and other fatal conditions. However, the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its associated characteristics among high school students in the country have not been studied precisely. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of smoking and the factors that influenced the behavior of students in the Tokha municipality of Kathmandu district, which is the most populous district in Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a standard, pre-tested questionnaire among the target population. The data was then entered and analyzed through SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used for data summarization. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Bivariate and then multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the magnitude of associations between dependent and independent variables. The prevalence was found to be among two-fifths of the respondents (20.6%). About 53% of them were 16 years of age or younger; 48.4% of them smoked because of peer pressure; and apparently 63.6% of students smoked with their friends only. Factors like gender, monthly expenditures, friend smoking status, increased price of cigarettes, and exposure to the anti-smoking campaign were statistically associated with the prevalence of cigarette smoking. The study revealed concerning prevalence rate of smoking. necessary plans, programs, and local policies should be made to address this issue.
VL - 12
IS - 4
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Ashish Bhatt

Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
Hitin Sehgal

Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
Elisa Devkota

Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
Arthak Lamsal

Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
Kumud Karki

Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ashish Bhatt, Hitin Sehgal, Elisa Devkota, Arthak Lamsal, Kumud Karki. (2023). Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescent Higher Secondary Students of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal. Social Sciences, 12(4), 171-177. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ashish Bhatt; Hitin Sehgal; Elisa Devkota; Arthak Lamsal; Kumud Karki. Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescent Higher Secondary Students of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal. Soc. Sci. 2023, 12(4), 171-177. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ashish Bhatt, Hitin Sehgal, Elisa Devkota, Arthak Lamsal, Kumud Karki. Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescent Higher Secondary Students of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal. Soc Sci. 2023;12(4):171-177. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14,
  author = {Ashish Bhatt and Hitin Sehgal and Elisa Devkota and Arthak Lamsal and Kumud Karki},
  title = {Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescent Higher Secondary Students of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {171-177},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20231204.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ss.20231204.14},
  abstract = {Cigarette smoking among youth and young adolescents remains high, particularly in high schools and colleges. Smoking and smokeless tobacco usage at such a young age can be detrimental, resulting in lower academic performance and an increased chance of developing dreadful diseases and other fatal conditions. However, the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its associated characteristics among high school students in the country have not been studied precisely. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of smoking and the factors that influenced the behavior of students in the Tokha municipality of Kathmandu district, which is the most populous district in Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a standard, pre-tested questionnaire among the target population. The data was then entered and analyzed through SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used for data summarization. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Bivariate and then multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the magnitude of associations between dependent and independent variables. The prevalence was found to be among two-fifths of the respondents (20.6%). About 53% of them were 16 years of age or younger; 48.4% of them smoked because of peer pressure; and apparently 63.6% of students smoked with their friends only. Factors like gender, monthly expenditures, friend smoking status, increased price of cigarettes, and exposure to the anti-smoking campaign were statistically associated with the prevalence of cigarette smoking. The study revealed concerning prevalence rate of smoking. necessary plans, programs, and local policies should be made to address this issue.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download